As I don’t cease to remind people, my first degree was in
history, so I love a good archive. When I truly felt I’d “got there” as a
proper historian was when I set off for a day at the National Archives in Kew
to read some documents for my undergraduate dissertation on the postwar
redevelopment of Bradford City Centre – Labor
Omnia Vincit. In the manilla folder of papers I discovered a cracking
internal memo from the Ministry of Town and Country Planning despairing of the
City Engineer’s plans for a very tightly bounded inner-ring road (the bit
Bradfordians ended up knowing as Hall Ings) which was completely contrary to
Ministry guidance. I vividly recall sitting on a bench outside on a cold winter
morning, eating my lunch, watching the planes fly into Heathrow, and feeling a
bit miserable.
My PhD also took a bit of a historical approach – analysing the
New Life for Scotland Partnerships which existed from 1989 – 1999. Doing this I
bumped into some more informal archiving. One of my case study neighbourhoods
was Ferguslie
Park. The nieghbourhood had also been subject to one of the UK’s earliest
regeneration initiatives, the Community Development Project. Ferguslie CDP ran
from 1972-1977. Like all good policy in the white-heat of the technological
revolution, each CDP was twinned with a nearby University. In Ferguslie Park’s
case, this was the University of Glasgow, where I did my PhD, and looking
around the Adam Smith Library there one day, I happened upon a just-about-complete-set of reports on the CDP that proved invaluable for my thesis and to
understand the timing of urban change in the neighbourhood. I say just-about-complete, I later found a report Whatever Happened to Council Housing? produced by the Ferguslie Park CDP team for the national CDP which included the cracking line describing the 1930s slum clearance tenements in places like Ferguslie Park as "cuts housing, neglected before it was even built".
The other joyous archive I’ve used is those of local history
libraries (many now closing due to funding cuts). The local history librarian at Bradford Central Library grew quite
fond of me popping up to the seventh floor two-or-three times a week during the
summer in 2003 and requesting the books of minutes of the meetings of Bradford
County Borough Corporation. I ended up going through every volume from
1945-1965. Over the years they had also collected fantastic boxes of newspaper
cuttings about developments in the city centre; and of course had all the local
papers archived on microfiche. My visits made a welcome change to the people
researching family history.
In my PhD I was lucky that the regeneration partnerships in
my two case study neighbourhoods had funded community history projects. The
local libraries in Ferguslie Park, Paisley Central Library, and Wester Hailes
library, thus had kept great records from official documents and community
projects that told me a lot about what had happened.
Being someone who studies urban policy, policy and urban planning
documents are a key source of research material. Also, universities that teach
these subjects tend to gain a load of such material in their libraries. The
trouble is, understandably, librarians need to move on stock that is no longer
useful, or is taking up space that could otherwise be used, so books and
reports are cleared out. It is for this reason that I ended up saving a full
set of the annual reports of the Scottish new town development corporations
from Heriot-Watt University library when I was a Lecturer there. These are now
in the safe-keeping of a colleague (it was a bit too much for me to move them
on when I left for Stirling).
The other archival material you end up with as an academic
is your colleagues’ materials. This blog post is inspired by a colleague Dr Melanie Lovatt, who told me a
very moving story about some books she inherited after her PhD research. With
demographics being the way they are, and Scottish universities running enhanced
severance packages, my bookshelves have swelled with books from retired
colleagues. Some of these are third-hand as well.
But you also end up inheriting more ephemeral archival
material. One of the best stories here is the J.R. James Archive, run by the
Department of Urban Studies and Planning at the University of Sheffield. As I
understand the story, my colleague Dr Alasdair Rae moved into a new office at
Sheffield, and there were some boxes of slides and other stuff from a former
incumbent – Professor J.R. James. Realising these were an amazing archive of
postwar British town planning, he managed to get money for two students to
spend a summer digitising the slides, and then working out what they were and
putting it all on Flickr for anyone to access. You truly can spend hours on the
archive website.
I now have my own little archive. A colleague recently
retired from Heriot-Watt. Before she joined the University in the 1990s she had
worked as a planning consultant at Pieda. Knowing my interest in archives,
history and regeneration, she saved a box of random documents for me. It’s an
absolute treasure trove of random documents going back to the 1980s, and I
thought I’d share some highlights.
One bit of it, is a box of stuff on Glasgow East Area
Renewal (GEAR). GEAR matters a lot in Scotland. The proposed new new town of
Stonehouse was cancelled by the Scottish Office to fund GEAR instead in the
late 1970s, and it was the first Scottish attempt to use partnership working,
as envisaged in the 1977 Inner Areas Act, to try and revive a derelict and
deindustrialised inner-city area. This giant map shows the extent to GEAR:
As I understand as well, one of the other interesting things
about GEAR was the final evaluation of it was never publicly published. It was
not exactly glowing, but still GEAR ended up being the model for how to “go”
urban regeneration for about the next 20 years. And, voila, I have a copy of a
draft of the evaluation executive summary:
The same box also contains documents from the Scottish
Development Agency and Scottish Enterprise Edinburgh and Lothians on The Leith Improvement
Project – the 1980s project to regenerate Leith. Thanks to that, I’m typing
this from the converted warehouse we now live in. By the time it was converted
in the early 2000s, that regeneration project had been so successful, that no
subsidy was needed for the developer to take on the risk of the redevelopment.
As I’ve already mentioned, my PhD was on two New Life for
Urban Scotland partnerships and I now have my very own copies of their original
strategies and a whole host of other documents:
I also have a whole host of other documents from the two
other partnerships in Whitfield and Castlemilk, along with a load of stuff from
the slightly later Priority Partnership
Areas including some stuff on Motherwell and Pilton.
Finally, the other interesting tit-bit is this typed
document – it’s undated and has been marked in red with some corrections.
It is a report on possible developer contributions to build
a light-rail or metro system in Edinburgh – the Edinburgh Trams! Now, I didn’t
realise they’d had such a lengthy history, but when I posted this on Twitter
last year someone got back to me with a scan of a pamphlet from Lothian
Regional Council from the early 1990s, describing a rapid transit scheme that
would be similar to what has been built. The line went from Wester Hailes
(rather than the airport) down the The Gyle and into the city centre; a branch
went off to Leith and Granton; another branch went off into a tunnel under the
Old Town, to remerge and run a route roughly out to where the Royal Infirmary
is now. I can only presume it was proposed under the 1994 Lothian Structure
Plan – I’d welcome any further knowledge.
This report just details possible development locations
along the western route estimating how much planning gain they might be able to
get out of developers attracted to these sites that were soon to be serviced by
a brand-new tram. He report glumly concludes that only £5-£10 million could be
expected. That would be around £7-£14 million in 2010 when the tram did
eventually get started on construction. Edinburgh Council did end up using
developer contributions to help pay for the tram. I can’t find an exact figure,
although £45 million is discussed in some reports as being money CEC put
towards the project from “developer contributions and capital receipts”. If
anyone knows of a precise figure, it would be interesting to know if Pieda’s
estimates were correct, whenever that report was written.
I don’t really know what I’ll do with this box. It’s
currently just sat in our bedroom, as it’s difficult for me to get it to
Stirling. But, as my followers on Twitter
know, I’ve a soft-spot for Milton Keynes as I really think it is one of the
greatest successes of town planning ever. And, at the end of the week the city
turned 50, and inspired by Melanie, I just thought it would be nice to blog
about these odd little personal archives one ends up with.
